An Examination of the Challenges Faced by Emergency Nurses in Responding to Mass Casualty Incidents in Katsina State
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Background of the Study
Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) involve emergencies that overwhelm the available healthcare resources due to the number, severity, or complexity of injuries. These incidents may arise from road traffic accidents, terrorism, communal conflicts, natural disasters, or industrial accidents. In such situations, emergency nurses play a critical role in triaging, stabilizing, and managing patients. Their ability to respond effectively can significantly impact patient survival rates and overall healthcare outcomes.
Katsina State, located in Northern Nigeria, has faced several security challenges, including banditry, communal conflicts, and road traffic accidents, leading to frequent MCIs. Emergency nurses in the state face significant challenges, including inadequate training, insufficient medical supplies, and lack of well-established MCI response protocols. Despite the importance of their role, there is limited research on the specific barriers they encounter in responding to mass casualty situations in this region.
A study by Bello et al. (2024) in Northern Nigeria indicated that emergency nurses often experience burnout due to inadequate workforce numbers, poor emergency preparedness, and limited access to advanced trauma care equipment. Understanding these challenges is essential to develop effective strategies to enhance emergency nursing practice and improve MCI response in Katsina State.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the critical role emergency nurses play in MCI management, they are often underprepared and under-resourced to handle such emergencies effectively in Katsina State. The unpredictability of MCIs, coupled with limited access to necessary resources, significantly hinders the ability of nurses to provide timely and effective care. Additionally, poor coordination among emergency responders, inadequate training in triage protocols, and infrastructural deficiencies further exacerbate these challenges.
If these issues remain unaddressed, the ability to manage MCIs effectively in Katsina State will continue to be compromised, potentially leading to higher mortality rates and poorer patient outcomes. Thus, there is a need to investigate the challenges emergency nurses face in responding to MCIs and propose solutions for improving emergency preparedness.
Objectives of the Study
1. To identify the challenges faced by emergency nurses in responding to mass casualty incidents in Katsina State.
2. To assess the impact of these challenges on the effectiveness of emergency nursing care during MCIs.
3. To propose strategies for improving emergency nurses’ preparedness and response to MCIs in Katsina State.
Research Questions
1. What are the main challenges faced by emergency nurses in responding to MCIs in Katsina State?
2. How do these challenges impact the effectiveness of emergency nursing care during MCIs?
3. What strategies can be implemented to improve emergency nurses’ preparedness for mass casualty incidents?
Research Hypotheses
1. Emergency nurses in Katsina State face significant challenges in responding to mass casualty incidents.
2. These challenges negatively impact the effectiveness of emergency nursing care during MCIs.
3. Implementing targeted interventions will improve emergency nurses’ preparedness and response to MCIs.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on emergency nurses working in major hospitals and trauma centers in Katsina State. Data will be gathered from nurses who have experience in handling MCIs. The study's limitations may include potential biases in self-reported data and difficulty in obtaining official records on emergency responses due to bureaucratic constraints.
Definitions of Terms
• Mass Casualty Incident (MCI): A situation where the number of injured patients exceeds the healthcare facility’s capacity to provide adequate care.
• Emergency Nurses: Healthcare professionals trained to provide immediate and critical care to patients in emergency situations.
• Triage: A process used in emergency settings to prioritize patients based on the severity of their conditions.
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